Women’s March on Versailles French Revolution

The Womens March on Versailles in October 1789 is often credited with forcing the royal court and family to move from the traditional seat of government in Versailles to Paris, a major and early turning point in the French Revolution. Context In May of 1789, the Estates-General began to consider reforms,  and in July, the Bastille was stormed. A month later, in August, feudalism and many of the privileges of the nobility and royalty were abolished with the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,† modeled on America’s Declaration of Independence and seen as a precursor to forming a new constitution. It was clear that major upheaval was underway in France. In some ways, this meant that hopes were high among  the French for a successful change in government, but there was a reason for despair or fear as well. Calls for more radical action were increasing, and many nobles and those who were not French nationals left France, fearing for their fortunes or even their lives. Because of poor harvests for several years, grain was scarce, and the price of bread in Paris had increased beyond the ability of many of the poorer residents to buy it. Sellers also were anxious about the shrinking market for their goods. These uncertainties added to general anxiety. The Crowd Assembles This combination of a bread shortage and high prices angered many French women, who relied on bread sales to make a living. On October 5, one young woman began beating a drum at the market in eastern Paris. More and more women began to gather around her and, before long, a group of them was marching through Paris, gathering a larger crowd as they stormed through the streets. Initially demanding bread, they began, possibly with the involvement of radicals who had joined in the march, to demand arms as well. By the time the marchers arrived at the city hall in Paris, they numbered somewhere between 6,000 and 10,000. They were armed with kitchen knives and many other simple weapons, with some carrying muskets and swords. They seized more weapons at city hall, and also seized the food that they could find there. But they were not satisfied with some food for the day—they wanted the situation of food scarcity to end. Attempts to Calm the March Stanislas-Marie Maillard, who had been a captain and national guardsman and  helped attack the Bastille in July, had joined the crowd. He was well known as a leader among the market women and is  credited with discouraging marchers  from burning down the city hall or any other buildings. The Marquis de Lafayette, meanwhile, was trying to assemble the national guardsmen, who were sympathetic to the marchers. He led some 15,000 troops and a few thousand civilians to Versailles to help guide and protect the women marchers, and, he hoped, keep the crowd from turning into an uncontrollable mob. March to Versailles A new goal began to form among marchers: to bring the king, Louis XVI, back to Paris where he would be responsible to the people, and to the reforms that had begun to be passed earlier. Thus, they would march to the Palace of Versailles and demand that the king respond. When the marchers reached Versailles, after a walk in driving rain, they experienced confusion. Lafayette and Maillard convinced the king to announce his support for the Declaration and the August changes passed in the Assembly. But the crowd did not trust that his queen, Marie Antoinette, would not talk him out of this, as she was known by then to oppose the reforms.  Some of the crowd returned to Paris, but most remained in Versailles. Early the next morning, a small group invaded the palace, attempting to find the queen’s rooms. At least two guards were killed, and their heads were raised on pikes before the fighting in the palace calmed. The Kings Promises When the king was finally convinced by Lafayette to appear before the crowd, he was surprised to be greeted by the traditional â€Å"Vive le Roi!† (Long Live the King!) The crowd then called for the queen, who emerged with two of her children. Some in the crowd called for the children to be removed, and there was fear that the crowd intended to kill the queen. The queen stayed present, and the crowd was apparently moved by her courage and calm. Some even chanted â€Å"Vive la Reine!† (Long Live the Queen!) Return to Paris The crowd now numbered around 60,000, and they accompanied the royal family back to Paris, where the king and queen and their court took up residence at the Tuileries Palace. They ended the march on October 7. Two weeks later, the National Assembly also moved to Paris. Significance of the March The march became a rallying point through the next stages of the Revolution. Lafayette eventually attempted to leave France, as many thought he’d been too soft on the royal family. He was imprisoned and only released by Napoleon in 1797. Maillard remained a hero, but he died in 1794 at age 31. The marchers success in forcing the king to move to Paris and support the reforms was a major turning point in the French Revolution. Their invasion of the palace removed all doubt that the monarchy was subject to the will of the people, and was a major defeat for Frances Ancien Rà ©gime of heredity monarchy. The women who initiated the march were heroines, called â€Å"Mothers of the Nation.†

The Principles Of Homeostasis And The Contribution Of The...

This essay aims to describe the principles of homeostasis, and the contribution of the cardiovascular system to homeostasis. Using the example of congestive heart failure (CHF), the causes and the consequences of a homeostatic imbalance in cardiac output will be explained. Homeostatic principles Homeostasis can generally be defined as the condition in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively constant within physiological limits [1]. This type of equilibrium is dynamic as the body is constantly subject to stimuli, which produce stress responses (stressors). The body’s homeostatic mechanisms therefore act to counter these stressors and return equilibrium within narrow limits that allow the body to maintain life. A key function of every body system is preserving a constant internal environment, which involves maintaining the volume of body fluid. To ensure that body cells function well, homeostasis is required to regulate the composition of extracellular fluid (ECF), for example ECF within blood vessels is blood plasma; in the brain and spinal cord this is cerebrospinal fluid. One third of body water is in the ECF [2], which constitutes the body’s ‘internal environment’. The precise regulation of substances such as glucose, oxyg en, ions and waste such as carbon dioxide is essential to ensure that cells are subject to conditions that are optimum for life. The stressors that the body could be exposed to can either originate from the internal or externalShow MoreRelatedPagbabago Ng Klima8154 Words   |  33 PagesPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS A. B. C. D. E. F. III. SUMMARY IV. CONCLUSION V. RECOMMENDATION VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This term paper was made into reality with the support of some important people who gave the researcher invaluable contributions, guidance, support, and encouragement which served as his strength and will to pursue this endeavor; To ___________, my instructor in this subject for his suggestions, encouragement, and assistance in making this requirement a presentable one;Read MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pages retrieved and transformed using â€Å"mental programs†, with the results being behavioral responses. Evolutionary psychology-is focused on the study of how evolution explains physiological processes. Psychologists and researchers take the basic principles of evolution, including natural selection, and apply them to psychological phenomena. This perspective suggests that these mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionary purpose – they aid in survival and reproduction. BiologicalRead MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pagesnuclei within brainstem that maintains wakefulness and works in conjunction with the cerebral cortex and together they are known as the reticular activating system. P. 454 - 3 parts of the brain: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain - Expression of affect (emotional and behavioral states) is mediated by extensive connections with the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. - p. 456 The prefrontal area is responsible for goal oriented behavior (ability to concentrate), short term memory and elaboration

The Case Of Michael Brown s Death - 1102 Words

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Accounting Theory Flagship Company

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theory for Flagship Company. Answer: Introduction The flagship company and the proud of German work culture in the segment of automotive industry, Volkswagen had faced the worst hit during its long 78 years tenure of manufacturing of vehicles in the form of cars. The company had faced it in 2014 which posed the worst threats to the existence of the company by culture while they were detected of with the violation of emission of green gas from their vehicles at US. This incident has direct impact on the companys self esteemed ego of outstanding confidence and leader of the market. The abnormal signs of the products of the company had been first found by a non-profit organization named International Council on Clean Transportation but the same dilemma was existed since long, even since decades. This had not been exposed by the official of the company for the purpose of defusing the test of emission. The test, when made, had been failed disastrously to comply the US clean air standards as per the parameter fixed by the authority. After detection of the same, the same had been taken to the notice of the company management but none had accepted the awareness of the facts. Ultimately the issue had been notified through a memo to Mr. Winterkorn, the CEO of Volkswagen of that time which was with the content of the abnormalities of the emission of the cars in 2014, but the company had not lent their ears to this fact and reluctantly insisted on the old practice of manufacturing of cars with the defeat devices till the last of the year of 2014. In the month of June, 2014, the German prosecutors had declared that Mr. Wintrekorn had been put under vigilance for the purpose of investigation of the wrong practices adopted by the company to manufacture and place their vehicles in the market and had not initiated any steps to announce that the company was in the process of facing the inquiry relating to this scandal. At the same time, a civil complaint had also been lodged at New York by the attorney general against Mr. Matth ias Muller; the current CEO of the company regarding this scandal and with this, the level of investigation had touched the highest level of Volkswagen management (GUILBERT GATES, 2016). Body Possible accounting issues to be faced by Volkswagen As per the literature of Parker, Guthrie Linacre, 2011, emphasized in the subject of impact of accounting system on corporate activities with the measurement of its positivity or negativity observed the changes of transformation has the ability to make certain effects from micro changes in the attitudinal approach and the respective practices connected to the specific changes in the area of fixation of policy. These changes may happen in the domain of Corporate Social Responsibility of that company or found in the aspects of behavior or attitude in the outlook driven by professionalism to safeguard the interest of stakeholders in respect of equality or diversity(Parker, 2011). This specific incident had been named as defeat device of Volkswagen and it may create impact in the issues related to accounting of the company while considering the replenishment of the damages is concerned along with the valuation of intangible asset in the form of goodwill of the company. There are other direct impacts in the form of expenses to be incurred by the company for the purpose of repairing and maintaining of the cars with defeat device causing the emission scandal with other reciprocal steps like buy back option and cash payment for the purpose of replenishing the damages which had been amounted to the tune of US $ 14.07 billion to different stakeholders like Environmental Protection Agency, to name one of them(EWING, 2013). Role of Stakeholders The stakeholders play a major role for running the business. The stakeholders are of tow types, internal and external. Internal stakeholders are the employees of the company while the external stakeholders comprises of the supply chain associates, customers, the government and all other identities which are allied to this company. Volkswagen has a big range of stakeholders the management of whom is with diversified stakeholders organization which endorses its product and services to meet the expectation of them to add value with the bigger area of relationship between the company and the stake holders. There are external stakeholders in the forms of analysts, investors talents, customers, neighbors, competitors, suppliers, business associates, public authorities and non governmental organizations (Volkswagen, 2013). To discuss the way the stakeholders got affected, we have to realize the different stakeholders and their role in the company and then only we will be able to understand how they are going to be affected. The internal stakeholders like employees would face the impact of being demoralized with the incident which actually raised question on the integrity of the company with its policy. The external stakeholders like the analysts will find the impact on the financial aspect of the company and analyze them with pre and post facto the incident. They will derive the result how the company got affected with the fiasco in the share market and with their financial reports. The global customer base will loose their confidence and trust on the company and its products and gradually leave the brand. The supply chain associates are more concerned with the bunch of ancillary industries attached to this company. In nut shell the company and its stakeholders will loose the bondage which was there since 78 years of inception. Motive of Volkswagen The management knew this scandal since long but they had not reacted by taking the remedial measures just because they were under tremendous pressure to perform their sales as the company had made marketing drive in the US for the cars made by Volkswagen to generate optimum level of turnover with subsequent revenue and profit. (Hotten, 2015) Accounting Theories of Volkswagen The fiasco of defeat device by Volkswagen had no direct impact with the accounting principle because this is the decision of the production management. But the accounting professional of the company cant deny their role in this aspect as they are supposed to highlight the issue to the stakeholders regarding the process management of the fiasco along with the implication of financial aspects to make them enable about the future action in this regard. The accounting theories known as IFRS, Rookies were able to develop the International Accounting Standard IAS 37. This is active in the domain of provision making, creation of contingent liabilities, and assets. This accounting theory is proved to be instrumental to help Volkswagen to define its scandal by determining its losses which needs subsequent provisions from the reserves they have to make to combat the problem in the perspective of financial accounting of Volkswagen. (IFRS, 2016). Steps to be Taken by Volkswagen As per IFRS Rookies IAS 37, the following steps are to be taken by the management: Identifying the economic event Notifying the same to the stakeholders Anticipating the impact of the event Identifying the financial concepts to combat this event. Discuss the improvement of the issue Determination of the non-alignment of the concept with principles Derive the minimum disclosure (IFRS, 2016). Compare and Contrast of Accounting Theories There are two types of methods on which the accounting theories are made- deductive and inductive methods. The deductive methods starts from application of accounting principles and reach the outcome which seems to be logical while inductive theory starts from findings and measurement to have the conclusion of generalized outcome. In this case, the application of inductive method should be applied which wills tart from the derived loss and then take proper steps to make the stakeholders comfortable.(scribd, 2015) Theory and Practice Theory and Practice The theory is being tested through three different process for its applicability- dogmatic, self evidence and scientific. Out of these three, the scientific approach will be th best option to justify the accounting theory by applying IAS 37 of IFRS Rookies as it provides the framework of scientific background, so that it can be considered as the most applicable theory. (scribd, 2015). Conclusion The happening of the Volkswagen scandal had put the company in a high level of humiliation of its corporate status is concerned. The company ahs to reinstate the old status to bring the stakeholders trust and confidence through the application of proper accounting theory which is suitable to match the need of the company with successful implication of the same. References EWING, H. T. (2013). Volkswagen to Pay $14.7 Billion to Settle Diesel Claims in U.S. The New York Times . Guilbert Gates, J. E. (2016). Explaining Volkswagens Emissions Scandal. The New York Times . Hotten, R. (2015). Volkswagen: The scandal explained. Retrieved September 15, 2016 IFRS. (2016). Our Teaching Philosphy. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from https://www.ifrsrookies.com/teaching-philosophy.html Parker, G. . (2011). Accounting for Impact?: Accounting research engaging with business, practice and the profession. CPAC , 7. scribd. (2015). Introduction to Accounting Theory. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/19010247/Accounting-theories-and-practices Volkswagen. (2013). sustainabilityreport2013. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from https://sustainabilityreport2013.volkswagenag.com/strategy/stakeholder-management