Women’s March on Versailles French Revolution

The Womens March on Versailles in October 1789 is often credited with forcing the royal court and family to move from the traditional seat of government in Versailles to Paris, a major and early turning point in the French Revolution. Context In May of 1789, the Estates-General began to consider reforms,  and in July, the Bastille was stormed. A month later, in August, feudalism and many of the privileges of the nobility and royalty were abolished with the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen,† modeled on America’s Declaration of Independence and seen as a precursor to forming a new constitution. It was clear that major upheaval was underway in France. In some ways, this meant that hopes were high among  the French for a successful change in government, but there was a reason for despair or fear as well. Calls for more radical action were increasing, and many nobles and those who were not French nationals left France, fearing for their fortunes or even their lives. Because of poor harvests for several years, grain was scarce, and the price of bread in Paris had increased beyond the ability of many of the poorer residents to buy it. Sellers also were anxious about the shrinking market for their goods. These uncertainties added to general anxiety. The Crowd Assembles This combination of a bread shortage and high prices angered many French women, who relied on bread sales to make a living. On October 5, one young woman began beating a drum at the market in eastern Paris. More and more women began to gather around her and, before long, a group of them was marching through Paris, gathering a larger crowd as they stormed through the streets. Initially demanding bread, they began, possibly with the involvement of radicals who had joined in the march, to demand arms as well. By the time the marchers arrived at the city hall in Paris, they numbered somewhere between 6,000 and 10,000. They were armed with kitchen knives and many other simple weapons, with some carrying muskets and swords. They seized more weapons at city hall, and also seized the food that they could find there. But they were not satisfied with some food for the day—they wanted the situation of food scarcity to end. Attempts to Calm the March Stanislas-Marie Maillard, who had been a captain and national guardsman and  helped attack the Bastille in July, had joined the crowd. He was well known as a leader among the market women and is  credited with discouraging marchers  from burning down the city hall or any other buildings. The Marquis de Lafayette, meanwhile, was trying to assemble the national guardsmen, who were sympathetic to the marchers. He led some 15,000 troops and a few thousand civilians to Versailles to help guide and protect the women marchers, and, he hoped, keep the crowd from turning into an uncontrollable mob. March to Versailles A new goal began to form among marchers: to bring the king, Louis XVI, back to Paris where he would be responsible to the people, and to the reforms that had begun to be passed earlier. Thus, they would march to the Palace of Versailles and demand that the king respond. When the marchers reached Versailles, after a walk in driving rain, they experienced confusion. Lafayette and Maillard convinced the king to announce his support for the Declaration and the August changes passed in the Assembly. But the crowd did not trust that his queen, Marie Antoinette, would not talk him out of this, as she was known by then to oppose the reforms.  Some of the crowd returned to Paris, but most remained in Versailles. Early the next morning, a small group invaded the palace, attempting to find the queen’s rooms. At least two guards were killed, and their heads were raised on pikes before the fighting in the palace calmed. The Kings Promises When the king was finally convinced by Lafayette to appear before the crowd, he was surprised to be greeted by the traditional â€Å"Vive le Roi!† (Long Live the King!) The crowd then called for the queen, who emerged with two of her children. Some in the crowd called for the children to be removed, and there was fear that the crowd intended to kill the queen. The queen stayed present, and the crowd was apparently moved by her courage and calm. Some even chanted â€Å"Vive la Reine!† (Long Live the Queen!) Return to Paris The crowd now numbered around 60,000, and they accompanied the royal family back to Paris, where the king and queen and their court took up residence at the Tuileries Palace. They ended the march on October 7. Two weeks later, the National Assembly also moved to Paris. Significance of the March The march became a rallying point through the next stages of the Revolution. Lafayette eventually attempted to leave France, as many thought he’d been too soft on the royal family. He was imprisoned and only released by Napoleon in 1797. Maillard remained a hero, but he died in 1794 at age 31. The marchers success in forcing the king to move to Paris and support the reforms was a major turning point in the French Revolution. Their invasion of the palace removed all doubt that the monarchy was subject to the will of the people, and was a major defeat for Frances Ancien Rà ©gime of heredity monarchy. The women who initiated the march were heroines, called â€Å"Mothers of the Nation.†

The Principles Of Homeostasis And The Contribution Of The...

This essay aims to describe the principles of homeostasis, and the contribution of the cardiovascular system to homeostasis. Using the example of congestive heart failure (CHF), the causes and the consequences of a homeostatic imbalance in cardiac output will be explained. Homeostatic principles Homeostasis can generally be defined as the condition in which the body’s internal environment remains relatively constant within physiological limits [1]. This type of equilibrium is dynamic as the body is constantly subject to stimuli, which produce stress responses (stressors). The body’s homeostatic mechanisms therefore act to counter these stressors and return equilibrium within narrow limits that allow the body to maintain life. A key function of every body system is preserving a constant internal environment, which involves maintaining the volume of body fluid. To ensure that body cells function well, homeostasis is required to regulate the composition of extracellular fluid (ECF), for example ECF within blood vessels is blood plasma; in the brain and spinal cord this is cerebrospinal fluid. One third of body water is in the ECF [2], which constitutes the body’s ‘internal environment’. The precise regulation of substances such as glucose, oxyg en, ions and waste such as carbon dioxide is essential to ensure that cells are subject to conditions that are optimum for life. The stressors that the body could be exposed to can either originate from the internal or externalShow MoreRelatedPagbabago Ng Klima8154 Words   |  33 PagesPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS A. B. C. D. E. F. III. SUMMARY IV. CONCLUSION V. RECOMMENDATION VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This term paper was made into reality with the support of some important people who gave the researcher invaluable contributions, guidance, support, and encouragement which served as his strength and will to pursue this endeavor; To ___________, my instructor in this subject for his suggestions, encouragement, and assistance in making this requirement a presentable one;Read MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pages retrieved and transformed using â€Å"mental programs†, with the results being behavioral responses. Evolutionary psychology-is focused on the study of how evolution explains physiological processes. Psychologists and researchers take the basic principles of evolution, including natural selection, and apply them to psychological phenomena. This perspective suggests that these mental processes exist because they serve an evolutionary purpose – they aid in survival and reproduction. BiologicalRead MoreNU 545 Unit 2 Essay10921 Words   |  44 Pagesnuclei within brainstem that maintains wakefulness and works in conjunction with the cerebral cortex and together they are known as the reticular activating system. P. 454 - 3 parts of the brain: forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain - Expression of affect (emotional and behavioral states) is mediated by extensive connections with the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. - p. 456 The prefrontal area is responsible for goal oriented behavior (ability to concentrate), short term memory and elaboration

The Case Of Michael Brown s Death - 1102 Words

On August 14, 2014, the infamous case of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, took place. A police officer shot an unarmed black teenager after an incident which was clouded in unclear details. At first, no one really knew whether the officer had been in the right to shoot Brown, or what the circumstances were for either side of the incident. However, eventually, the details started to not matter. The events around Michael Brown’s case became the spark that ignited a nationwide movement to fight against police brutality towards minorities, specifically African Americans. Protesters of police violence toward minorities created a phrase that was used all over the country after Brown’s death: â€Å"hands up, don’t shoot†. Many have used the events behind Brown’s death as a springboard to consider what makes a criminal. One side of the issue claims that race directly affects criminality, while others believe class to be the cause of criminality. After t his case found itself all over media, several other incidents of police violence followed suit. Eric Garner was another such case, in which a man was placed in a non-regulation chokehold by a New York police officer that ultimately took part in his death. Garner was apprehended for selling illegal cigarettes, and attempting to continue walking away when officers tried to stop him. This incident coined the protest phrase â€Å"I can’t breathe†, something that Garner said while in the chokehold. The media was eager to light the fire underShow MoreRelatedRacism : The Black Lives Matter1202 Words   |  5 Pagesand left out in many ways in America s history. This, therefore, has been labeled as racism in today s society. Racism has been and still is an issue in America, lately being spiked by the Black Lives Matter movement. 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Accounting Theory Flagship Company

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theory for Flagship Company. Answer: Introduction The flagship company and the proud of German work culture in the segment of automotive industry, Volkswagen had faced the worst hit during its long 78 years tenure of manufacturing of vehicles in the form of cars. The company had faced it in 2014 which posed the worst threats to the existence of the company by culture while they were detected of with the violation of emission of green gas from their vehicles at US. This incident has direct impact on the companys self esteemed ego of outstanding confidence and leader of the market. The abnormal signs of the products of the company had been first found by a non-profit organization named International Council on Clean Transportation but the same dilemma was existed since long, even since decades. This had not been exposed by the official of the company for the purpose of defusing the test of emission. The test, when made, had been failed disastrously to comply the US clean air standards as per the parameter fixed by the authority. After detection of the same, the same had been taken to the notice of the company management but none had accepted the awareness of the facts. Ultimately the issue had been notified through a memo to Mr. Winterkorn, the CEO of Volkswagen of that time which was with the content of the abnormalities of the emission of the cars in 2014, but the company had not lent their ears to this fact and reluctantly insisted on the old practice of manufacturing of cars with the defeat devices till the last of the year of 2014. In the month of June, 2014, the German prosecutors had declared that Mr. Wintrekorn had been put under vigilance for the purpose of investigation of the wrong practices adopted by the company to manufacture and place their vehicles in the market and had not initiated any steps to announce that the company was in the process of facing the inquiry relating to this scandal. At the same time, a civil complaint had also been lodged at New York by the attorney general against Mr. Matth ias Muller; the current CEO of the company regarding this scandal and with this, the level of investigation had touched the highest level of Volkswagen management (GUILBERT GATES, 2016). Body Possible accounting issues to be faced by Volkswagen As per the literature of Parker, Guthrie Linacre, 2011, emphasized in the subject of impact of accounting system on corporate activities with the measurement of its positivity or negativity observed the changes of transformation has the ability to make certain effects from micro changes in the attitudinal approach and the respective practices connected to the specific changes in the area of fixation of policy. These changes may happen in the domain of Corporate Social Responsibility of that company or found in the aspects of behavior or attitude in the outlook driven by professionalism to safeguard the interest of stakeholders in respect of equality or diversity(Parker, 2011). This specific incident had been named as defeat device of Volkswagen and it may create impact in the issues related to accounting of the company while considering the replenishment of the damages is concerned along with the valuation of intangible asset in the form of goodwill of the company. There are other direct impacts in the form of expenses to be incurred by the company for the purpose of repairing and maintaining of the cars with defeat device causing the emission scandal with other reciprocal steps like buy back option and cash payment for the purpose of replenishing the damages which had been amounted to the tune of US $ 14.07 billion to different stakeholders like Environmental Protection Agency, to name one of them(EWING, 2013). Role of Stakeholders The stakeholders play a major role for running the business. The stakeholders are of tow types, internal and external. Internal stakeholders are the employees of the company while the external stakeholders comprises of the supply chain associates, customers, the government and all other identities which are allied to this company. Volkswagen has a big range of stakeholders the management of whom is with diversified stakeholders organization which endorses its product and services to meet the expectation of them to add value with the bigger area of relationship between the company and the stake holders. There are external stakeholders in the forms of analysts, investors talents, customers, neighbors, competitors, suppliers, business associates, public authorities and non governmental organizations (Volkswagen, 2013). To discuss the way the stakeholders got affected, we have to realize the different stakeholders and their role in the company and then only we will be able to understand how they are going to be affected. The internal stakeholders like employees would face the impact of being demoralized with the incident which actually raised question on the integrity of the company with its policy. The external stakeholders like the analysts will find the impact on the financial aspect of the company and analyze them with pre and post facto the incident. They will derive the result how the company got affected with the fiasco in the share market and with their financial reports. The global customer base will loose their confidence and trust on the company and its products and gradually leave the brand. The supply chain associates are more concerned with the bunch of ancillary industries attached to this company. In nut shell the company and its stakeholders will loose the bondage which was there since 78 years of inception. Motive of Volkswagen The management knew this scandal since long but they had not reacted by taking the remedial measures just because they were under tremendous pressure to perform their sales as the company had made marketing drive in the US for the cars made by Volkswagen to generate optimum level of turnover with subsequent revenue and profit. (Hotten, 2015) Accounting Theories of Volkswagen The fiasco of defeat device by Volkswagen had no direct impact with the accounting principle because this is the decision of the production management. But the accounting professional of the company cant deny their role in this aspect as they are supposed to highlight the issue to the stakeholders regarding the process management of the fiasco along with the implication of financial aspects to make them enable about the future action in this regard. The accounting theories known as IFRS, Rookies were able to develop the International Accounting Standard IAS 37. This is active in the domain of provision making, creation of contingent liabilities, and assets. This accounting theory is proved to be instrumental to help Volkswagen to define its scandal by determining its losses which needs subsequent provisions from the reserves they have to make to combat the problem in the perspective of financial accounting of Volkswagen. (IFRS, 2016). Steps to be Taken by Volkswagen As per IFRS Rookies IAS 37, the following steps are to be taken by the management: Identifying the economic event Notifying the same to the stakeholders Anticipating the impact of the event Identifying the financial concepts to combat this event. Discuss the improvement of the issue Determination of the non-alignment of the concept with principles Derive the minimum disclosure (IFRS, 2016). Compare and Contrast of Accounting Theories There are two types of methods on which the accounting theories are made- deductive and inductive methods. The deductive methods starts from application of accounting principles and reach the outcome which seems to be logical while inductive theory starts from findings and measurement to have the conclusion of generalized outcome. In this case, the application of inductive method should be applied which wills tart from the derived loss and then take proper steps to make the stakeholders comfortable.(scribd, 2015) Theory and Practice Theory and Practice The theory is being tested through three different process for its applicability- dogmatic, self evidence and scientific. Out of these three, the scientific approach will be th best option to justify the accounting theory by applying IAS 37 of IFRS Rookies as it provides the framework of scientific background, so that it can be considered as the most applicable theory. (scribd, 2015). Conclusion The happening of the Volkswagen scandal had put the company in a high level of humiliation of its corporate status is concerned. The company ahs to reinstate the old status to bring the stakeholders trust and confidence through the application of proper accounting theory which is suitable to match the need of the company with successful implication of the same. References EWING, H. T. (2013). Volkswagen to Pay $14.7 Billion to Settle Diesel Claims in U.S. The New York Times . Guilbert Gates, J. E. (2016). Explaining Volkswagens Emissions Scandal. The New York Times . Hotten, R. (2015). Volkswagen: The scandal explained. Retrieved September 15, 2016 IFRS. (2016). Our Teaching Philosphy. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from https://www.ifrsrookies.com/teaching-philosophy.html Parker, G. . (2011). Accounting for Impact?: Accounting research engaging with business, practice and the profession. CPAC , 7. scribd. (2015). Introduction to Accounting Theory. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/19010247/Accounting-theories-and-practices Volkswagen. (2013). sustainabilityreport2013. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from https://sustainabilityreport2013.volkswagenag.com/strategy/stakeholder-management

Booker T. Washington Essays (542 words) - American Slaves

Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was the first African American whose likeness appeared on a United States postage stamp. Washington also was thus honored a quarter century after his death. In 1946 he also became the first black with his image on a coin, a 50-cent piece. The Tuskegee Institute, which Washington started at the age of 25, was the where the 10-cent stamps first were available. The educator's monument on its campus shows him lifting a symbolic veil from the head of a freed slave. Booker Taliaferro Washington was born a slave on April 5, 1856, in Franklin County, Va. His mother, Jane Burroughs, was a plantation cook. His father was an unknown white man. As a child, Booker swept yards and brought water to slaves working in the fields. Freed after the American Civil War, he went with his mother to Malden, W. Va., to join Washington Ferguson, whom she had married during the war. At about age 16 Booker set out for Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, which had been established by the chief of the Freedmen's Bureau to educate former slaves. He walked much of the way, working to earn the fare to complete the long, dusty journey to Virginia. For his admission test he repeatedly swept and dusted a classroom, and he was able to earn his board by working as a janitor. After graduation three years later he taught in Malden and at Hampton. A former slave who had become a successful farmer, and a white politician in search of the Negro vote in Macon County obtained financial support for a training school for blacks in Tuskegee, Ala. When the board of commissioners asked the head of Hampton to send a principal for their new school, they had expected the principal to be white. Instead Washington arrived in June 1881. He began classes in July with 30 students in a shanty donated by a black church. Later he borrowed money to buy an abandoned plantation nearby and moved the school there. By the time of his death in Tuskegee in 1915 the institute had some 1,500 students, more than 100 well-equipped buildings, and a large faculty. Washington believed that blacks could promote their constitutional rights by impressing Southern whites with their economic and moral progress. He wanted them to forget about political power and concentrate on their farming skills and learning industrial trades. Brickmaking, mattress making, and wagon building were among the courses Tuskegee offered. Its all-black faculty included the famous agricultural scientist George Washington Carver. The open controversy over acceptable black leadership dated from 1895, when Washington was invited to address a white audience at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta, Ga. While emphasizing the importance of economic advancement to blacks, he repeatedly used the paraphrase, "Cast down your bucket where you are." Some blacks were incensed by his comment, "The wisest among my race understand that the agitation of questions of social equality is the extremest folly." Others feared that the enemies of equal rights were encouraged by his promise, "In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress."

Hamlet Quotes Explained

Hamlet Quotes Explained Hamlet is one of the most quoted (and most parodied) plays by William Shakespeare. The play is well-known for its powerful quotations about corruption, misogyny, and death. Yet, despite the grim subject matter, Hamlet is also famous for the dark humor, clever witticisms, and catchy phrases we still repeat today. Quotes About Corruption Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.(Act I, Scene 4) Spoken by Marcellus, a palace soldier, this familiar Shakespeare line is often quoted on cable TV news. The expression implies a suspicion that someone in power is corrupt. The scent of decay is a metaphor for a breakdown in morality and social order. Marcellus exclaims that something is rotten when a ghost appears outside the castle. Marcellus warns Hamlet not to follow the ominous apparition, but Hamlet insists. He soon learns that the ghost is the spirit of his dead father and that evil has overtaken the throne. Marcellus statement is important because it foreshadows the tragic events that follow. Although not significant to the story, its also interesting to note that for Elizabethan audiences, Marcellus line is a crude pun: rotten references the smell of flatulence. Symbols of rot and decay waft through Shakespeares play. The ghost describes a [m]urder most foul and a strange, and unnatural marriage. Hamlets power-hungry uncle, Claudius, has murdered Hamlets father, the king of Denmark and (in a deed considered incestuous) has married Hamlets mother, Queen Gertrude. The rottenness goes beyond murder and incest. Claudius has broken the royal bloodline, disrupted the monarchy, and shattered the divine rule of law. Because the new head of state is rotten as a dead fish, all of Denmark decays. In a confused thirst for revenge and an inability to take action, Hamlet appears to go mad. His love-interest, Ophelia, suffers a complete mental breakdown and commits suicide. Gertrude is killed by Claudius and Claudius is stabbed and poisoned by Hamlet. The notion that sin has an odor is echoed in Act III, Scene 3, when Claudius exclaims, O! my offence is rank, it smells to heaven. By the end of the play, all of the lead characters have died from the rot that Marcellus perceived in Act I.   Quotes About Misogyny Heaven and earth,Must I remember? Why, she would hang on himAs if increase of appetite had grownBy what it fed on, and yet, within a month - Let me not think ont - Frailty, thy name is woman! - (Act I, Scene 2) Theres no doubt that Prince Hamlet is sexist, possessing the Elizabethan attitudes toward women found in many of Shakespeares plays. However, this quote suggests that he is also a misogynist (someone who hates women). In this soliloquy, Hamlet expresses disgust over the behavior of his widowed mother, Queen Gertrude. Gertrude once doted on Hamlets father, the king, but after the kings death, she hastily married his brother, Claudius. Hamlet rails against his mothers sexual appetite and her apparent inability to remain loyal to his father. Hes so upset that he breaks the formal metrical pattern of blank verse. Rambling beyond the traditional 10-syllable line-length, Hamlet cries, Frailty, thy name is woman! Frailty, they name is woman! is also an apostrophe. Hamlet addresses frailty as though speaking to a human being. Today, this Shakespeare quote is often adapted for humorous effect. For example, in a 1964 episode of Bewitched, Samantha tells her husband, Vanity, they name is human. In the animated TV show The Simpsons, Bart exclaims, Comedy, thy name is Krusty.   Theres nothing lighthearted about Hamlets accusation, however. Consumed with rage, he seems to wallow in deep-seated hatred. Hes not simply angry at his mother. Hamlet lashes out at the entire female sex, proclaiming all women weak and fickle. Later in the play, Hamlet turns his fury on Ophelia. Get thee to a nunnery: why wouldst thou be abreeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest;but yet I could accuse me of such things that itwere better my mother had not borne me: I am veryproud, revengeful, ambitious, with more offenses atmy beck than I have thoughts to put them in,imagination to give them shape, or time to act themin. What should such fellows as I do crawlingbetween earth and heaven? We are arrant knaves,all; believe none of us. Go thy ways to a nunnery.(Act III, Scene 1) Hamlet seems to totter on the brink of insanity in this tirade. He once claimed that he loved Ophelia, but now he rejects her for reasons that arent clear. He also describes himself as an awful person: proud, revengeful, ambitious. In essence, Hamlet is saying, Its not you, its me. He tells Ophelia to go to a nunnery (a convent of nuns) where she will remain chaste and never give birth to arrant knaves (complete villains) like himself. Perhaps Hamlet wants to shelter Ophelia from the corruption that has infested the kingdom and from the violence thats sure to come. Perhaps he wants to distance himself from her so that he can focus on avenging his fathers death. Or perhaps Hamlet is so poisoned with anger that hes no longer capable of feeling love. In Elizabethan English, nunnery is also slang for brothel. In this sense of the word, Hamlet condemns Ophelia as a wanton, duplicitous female like his mother. Regardless of his motives, Hamlets rebuke contributes to Ophelias mental breakdown and eventual suicide. Many feminist scholars argue that Ophelias fate illustrates the tragic consequences of a patriarchal society. Quotes About Death To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? - To die, - to sleep, - No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to, - ’tis a consummationDevoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;To sleep, perchance to dream - ay,  theres the rub:For in that sleep of death what dreams may come...(Act III, Scene 1) These morose lines from Hamlet introduce one of the most memorable soliloquies in the English language. Prince Hamlet is preoccupied with themes of mortality and human frailty. When he ponders [t]o be, or not to be, hes weighing life (to be) versus death (not to be). The parallel structure presents an antithesis, or a contrast, between two opposing ideas. Hamlet theorizes that its noble to live and fight against troubles. But, he argues, its also desirable (a consummation devoutly to be wishd) to flee misfortune and heartache. He uses the phrase to sleep as a metonymy to characterize the slumber of death. Hamlets speech seems to explore the pros and cons of suicide. When he says theres the rub, he means theres the drawback. Perhaps death will bring hellish nightmares. Later in the long soliloquy, Hamlet observes that fear of consequences and the unknown- the undiscovered country- makes us bear our sorrows rather than seek escape. Thus, he concludes, conscience does make cowards of us all. In this context, the word conscience means conscious thought. Hamlet isnt really talking about suicide, but about his inability to take action against the sea of troubles in his kingdom. Confused, indecisive, and hopelessly philosophical, he ponders whether he should kill his murderous uncle Claudius. Widely quoted and often misinterpreted, Hamlets [t]o be, or not to be soliloquy has inspired writers for centuries. Hollywood film director Mel Brooks referenced the famous lines in his World War II comedy, To Be or Not to Be. In a 1998 film, What Dreams May Come, actor Robin Williams meanders through the afterlife and tries to unravel tragic events. Countless other Hamlet references have made their way into books, stories, poems, TV shows, video games, and even comic strips like Calvin and Hobbes.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dark Humor Quotes Laughter in the midst of death isnt a modern idea. Even in his darkest tragedies, Shakespeare incorporated cutting wit. Throughout Hamlet, the tedious busy-body Polonius spouts aphorisms, or snippets of wisdom, that come off as silly and trite: Neither a borrower nor a lender be;For loan oft loses both itself and friend,And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.This above all: to thine own self be true,And it must follow, as the night the day,(Act I, Scene 3) Buffoons like Polonius provide dramatic foils for the brooding Hamlet, illuminating Hamlets character and highlighting his anguish. While Hamlet philosophizes and mulls, Polonius makes trite pronouncements. When Hamlet accidentally kills him in Act III, Polonius states the obvious: O, I am slain! Similarly, two clownish gravediggers provide comic relief during a painfully ironic churchyard scene. Laughing and shouting crude jokes, they toss rotting skulls into the air. One of the skulls belongs to Yorick, a beloved court jester who died long ago. Hamlet takes the skull and, in one of his most famous monologues, contemplates the transience of life. Alas, poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio: a fellowof infinite jest, of most excellent fancy: he hathborne me on his back a thousand times; and now, howabhorred in my imagination it is! my gorge rims atit. Here hung those lips that I have kissed I knownot how oft. Where be your gibes now? yourgambols? your songs? your flashes of merriment,that were wont to set the table on a roar?(Act V, Scene 1) The grotesque and absurd image of Hamlet addressing a human skull has become an enduring meme, posted on Facebook and parodied in cartoons, TV shows, and films. For example, in the Star Wars episode, The Empire Strikes Back, Chewbacca imitates Hamlet when he lifts the head of a droid. While prompting laughter, Yoricks skull is also a gruesome reminder of the underlying themes of death, decay, and insanity in Shakespeares play. The image is so compelling that a dying pianist once bequeathed his own head to the Royal Shakespeare Company. The skull was removed, cleaned and, in 1988, put to service. The actors used the skull in 22 performances of Hamlet before deciding that the prop was too real- and too disturbing. Sources Hamlet. Folger Shakespeare Library, www.folger.edu/hamlet. Hamlet in Pop Culture. Hartford Stage, www.hartfordstage.org/stagenotes/hamlet/pop-culture.Heymont, George. â€Å"Somethings Rotten in the State of Denmark.† The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 12 June 2016, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/somethings-rotten-in-the-state-of-denmark_us_575d8673e4b053e219791bb6.Ophelia and Madness. Folger Shakespeare Library. 26 May 2010, www.youtube.com/watch?vMhJWwoWCD4wfeatureyoutu.be.Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark: Open Source Shakespeare, Eric M. Johnson, www.opensourceshakespeare.org/views/plays/playmenu.php?WorkIDhamlet.  Women In Hamlet. elsinore.ucsc.edu/women/WomenOandH.html.

Does Kant Adequatly Address the Problems Evident in the Controversy Essay

Does Kant Adequatly Address the Problems Evident in the Controversy between Empiricism and Rationalism - Essay Example According to Kant, the difference (dispute) that emerges between rationalism and empiricism is the level in which we are dependent on sense experience in order for us to gain and acquire knowledge. Rationalists claim that, very independent we gain knowledge and ideas (Kenny 45-46). This independent way of gaining concepts as it is own sense experience. Empiricists claim on the other side that sense experience is the final source of all our knowledge and ideals. When empiricists say that we are only able to access appearances, they are not saying that we only have access to illusory representations. To some level denying some confidence in their explanations, in this case, they ought to have been clear on this matter. Nonetheless, for Kant, appearances can, and in fact do, provide us with the ground for knowledge on facts and ideas (Kenny 48). To him the mind is the source of experience and knowledge, Descartes (1988). This is the concept, according to Kant, the concept of pure of cat egories. This is particularly clear in the sense that the mind makes contributions to experiences (Descartes 123). The mind plays a significant role and imposes on experience certain categories that make knowledge possible. In this case when Kant says that we cannot know the thing in itself he does not only mean that reality is inaccessible but also that we cannot experience anything outside in the way human mind operates Ann (1970). And from this explanation it is not a wrong concept, â€Å"but it justifies how human beings acquire knowledge† (Anne 90). Now, we have a look science and advancements in knowledge, it is evident that we have knowledge; Kant would never have denied it. Rationalist, in real sense have developed the argument in two ways. They say that there are circumstances when the content embodied in knowledge outstrips the information that can be provided in the real life experience. Also, they have build in some way, that reason in some form provides informati on and knowledge to the world. Empiricists, in this case provide some additional information of knowledge thought about the world (Kenny 50). Empiricists provide a sum up of lines and levels of thought. In that case they establish on accounts of how learning and experience provides on the information that rationalist provide, which according to Kant we have so far. According to Kant Empiricists will in most cases opt for skepticism as a lope to rationalism, Ann (1970). The say that if then experience cannot provide concepts or knowledge the rationalist cite, they then in that case do not have. In that case according to Kant, â€Å"empiricists attack the rationalists on accounts of how reason is a source of concepts and knowledge†. According to Kant, rationalist focus on what they call necessary truth. By this they articulate that some things are necessary true. Kant points that the simplest form of truth is the self-evident truth. In that regard, Kant says, that you even do n ot have to think. He illustrates that for instance as a simple calculation; one plus one, the answer is two Descartes (1988). This to him you do not have through the world to necessarily count this in order to prove it. Kant says that this is something you ought to believe that one plus one, the answer is two (Descartes 124). One of the criticisms that empiricists would set-forward is that, one plus one is two, is a mere trivial. It is tautological, suggesting it is true, certain, but not because it is not self